I can't help with your actual problem, but the Windows installers include their own version of python so you don't need it installed in Windows unless you are using it for something else.

Here is a link to download a zipped copy:
http://shryp.ashendust.com/deluge/GeoIP.dat.zip

You can only download as fast as the other person is uploading. Maybe try a different torrent and see if anything changes.

Are you sure you didn't just catch up to the rest of the swarm and now there is nothing else to download since everyone is stuck around the same percentage?

Torrents are stored in the state folder within the config, however a new install should have picked up all of the settings from the old install unless you manually deleted the folder or you mean a new install on a new hard drive. https://dev.deluge-torrent.org/wiki/Faq#WheredoesDelugestoreitssetting...

Copying the profile folder from one computer to another should copy over all of the edits you made to the names. More specifically the state folder inside of the profile folder. When I switched from Windows to Linux I just copied the whole profile folder over and it kept all of my settings and exist...

There is no way to change the actual share ratio. If you are attempting to change which share ratio it stops at just click on the torrent and then go to the options tab in the bottom half of the window. Make sure to hit apply after changing any of those options.

You can force start by disabling the auto managed option. Doing so still counts towards total active though so it is not like a true forced start. See this for more: https://dev.deluge-torrent.org/wiki/Faq#WhatdoesAutoManageddo You are going to have to play with your queue settings until you find ou...

Just guessing, but did you download a lot of files through magnet links?

If you delete everything, but the state folder in the config folder you will reset all settings, but keep the torrents. Copy a backup of the folder before messing with it just in case though.